Global drought is a phenomenon that is increasingly becoming a serious problem throughout the world. With climate change as the trigger, drought has a direct impact on food sustainability. Reduced rainfall, rising temperatures and erratic weather patterns are making the agricultural sector experience major challenges in producing enough food. In this context, identifying drought-related impacts and solutions becomes crucial for global food security. One of the main impacts of drought is reduced agricultural yields. Crops such as rice, corn and soybeans are very dependent on water availability. When the soil dries out, plant roots have difficulty absorbing water and nutrients, causing a decrease in crop yields. Additionally, drought worsens soil resilience, increasing the risk of erosion and reducing soil fertility over time. Drought also has implications for food prices. As agricultural output dwindles, demand remains high, leading to price spikes. Rising food prices result in economic instability, especially for people who depend on daily shopping to get food. Food importing countries are very vulnerable to this change, which can trigger a food crisis. About 70% of water use worldwide is allocated to agriculture. With drought, efficient water management becomes critical. Irrigation technologies such as drip irrigation and soil moisture monitoring systems are increasingly being adopted to improve water use efficiency. In addition, developing drought-resistant plant varieties is the focus of research to overcome the impacts of drought. Sustainable agriculture must be a priority in facing this threat. Environmentally friendly agricultural practices, such as crop rotation and the use of organic fertilizers, can increase soil resistance to drought. The agroecological approach also offers solutions by utilizing biodiversity to create agricultural systems that are more resilient to climate change. The role of government and international collaboration is also very crucial. Investments in agricultural infrastructure, as well as research and development of environmentally friendly technologies, can help countries overcome these challenges. In addition, public awareness about the importance of saving water and sustainable agricultural practices is needed. Changes in people’s diets can also help reduce pressure on the global food system. Introducing local food consumption and using food ingredients that are more resistant to drought will reduce dependence on agricultural products that are more vulnerable to extreme conditions. Education and research on the impact of drought on agriculture must be increased, especially in drought-prone countries. Training programs for farmers on efficient farming techniques and adaptation to climate change will make a positive contribution to food security. Global drought is a major challenge that requires immediate and sustained action. Through collaboration, technological innovation and sustainable practices, it is possible to overcome these threats. Considering the importance of food safety as a foundation for human life, all efforts must be directed towards maintaining food sustainability in the future.
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