For centuries, political debate has helped citizens gain a clearer understanding of the character and policies of candidates running for office. Today, political campaigns can stretch into years, and heightened polarization has some Americans growing tired of the very idea of debate. But political science professor Conor Dowling says debates still matter.
The debates are a vital way for candidates to articulate their positions to voters and are an important tool in the electoral process, shifting support among undecided voters as voters hear how well a candidate answers opposing viewpoints. In addition to the presidential debates, the CPD advises sponsors of gubernatorial, congressional and local elections on production issues, voter education initiatives and other aspects of organizing and broadcasting a debate.
Traditionally, debates have been conducted in a studio with one moderator and several journalists. In recent years, some debates have included a format similar to a town meeting, with citizens asking questions of the candidates. The CPD has worked to develop formats that allow each candidate equal time to answer a question and make their closing statements. To help candidates keep track of their remaining speaking time, a clock or traffic lights may be used and colored arrows on the floor can signal how much time remains (green indicates 30 seconds, yellow indicates 15 seconds and red means only 5 seconds remain).
The CPD has also worked to develop nonpartisan criteria for extending debate invitations to candidates, as required by federal law. These criteria include evidence of a national organization, signs of newsworthiness and competitiveness, as well as indicators of national public enthusiasm or concern.
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